Category: Foster Care FAQ

TPR – “Termination of Parental Rights” – the final step before an adoption can move forward. On the surface, it might seem like just one more hurdle to go through in order to obtain permanency.  In some cases that might really be true, but if you dig a little deeper, it can be a very emotional and difficult step for many different parties involved.

The roller coaster that is foster care doesn’t end at a TPR hearing; in fact, many people find this hearing to be more emotional and difficult to experience than they expected. The reality that is TPR means that the connection to a biological family is forever and legally severed. There is no going back. This means that the seemingly infinite hours of help offered by a county caseworker, attempts to reunify or find other biological family members, and all the hopes that “this time rehab might work,” have failed. And as a result, it is deemed by the courts that the best interest of the child/children is permanently removing them from their biological connection and being adopted by another family. 

Understand that TPR does not necessarily mean that the biological family doesn’t love their child. Many times, what makes TPR so emotional is the fact that the biological mother or father are still that, moms and dads, but are caught in horrific cycles with abuse or addiction or in severe mental health crises. The reality that a parent is not fit to raise their own child is heartbreaking, and the TPR hearing should be treated as such. Parents are not caught off guard that this is coming, and sometimes they make the difficult decision to sign over their rights voluntarily, but no matter how it happens, TPR is a huge loss for a family.

With that said, it is important to look at TPR from another angle: through the eyes of a child. Sometimes children caught in the middle of this TPR decision have no clue about the magnitude of such a hearing simply because they are too young and really know nothing different than life with their foster family. But all too many times, the children are the innocent victims, and a TPR hearing can really be heartbreaking and life changing. Adoption might be a dream for this child, and the actual day of adoption may be much more positive and exciting, but to get there, the child has to experience TPR. These children are sometimes even a part of the hearing, giving a testimonial or simply just being present. Emotional outbursts, changes in behaviors at home, panic attacks, or the onset of depression may develop afterwards. Sometimes, no matter how much they want to be adopted or how happy they are in their current placement, TPR can really catch them off guard and leave them unprepared with big feelings that they are having to work through. These innocent children are asked to be brave and resilient and possibly even grateful to be able to start a new chapter; those can be overwhelming requests, and many struggle with that reality.

As a foster parent, the “outsider” to this case and the one who has been supporting reunification all along, TPR is extremely emotional and downright sad, as well.   A TPR hearing often severs the connections foster parents have to the child’s biological aunts and uncles and grandparents – people you yourself may have become invested in knowing. Meanwhile, you are also left to pick up the pieces, yet again, and help your child move forward confidently, despite their having experienced something many grown adults never will.  

So before you can start planning “adoption day” or ordering your matching T-shirts to wear as an official family, you will need to experience the intense grief at the loss of a ”first family” during the TPR hearing.

Below are my top five tips to try and help you parent through this difficult time:

1. Acknowledge the intense emotions that come with TPR for everyone involved. Know that each party is grieving and grief presents itself in many different ways. 
2. Be a safe person for a child experiencing TPR to express their emotions without giving up on them or punishing them for possible extreme behaviors.
3. If said big emotions or behaviors from a child are too much for you to handle, reach out for more professional help. Consider possibly anticipating the child having a difficult time, and arrange for professional help prior to TPR in order to work on coping strategies early. 
4. Plan ahead and seek advice on how to maintain contact with biological family members so that it is a healthy, positive relationship. Sometimes this is not possible, but perhaps you will have the opportunity to gather stories or photos or family history before TPR happens. Something is better than nothing. 
5. Be flexible and compassionate and know it is not about you right now. There is a lot more going on than just another step to adoption. Seek support for yourself, either from individuals who have already gone through this or from a professional. 

One of the most consistent hallmarks of being a foster family is uncertainty. We never quite know how long a placement will be with us, or what is going to happen at the next court hearing. That uncertainty is in many ways the greatest source of stress for foster parents:  we can’t see clearly what the future holds for our families, and that is a hard reality to accept. 

COVID-19 has brought a similar level of uncertainty and unpredictability to nearly the whole world. None of us could have predicted the ways in which our lives would be radically changed – and no one can say for sure when things will return to “normal.” How long will the kids be home? When will jobs return to the way they were before? Will we be able to keep our family healthy? When will it be safe to venture outside again? When will a vaccine be available? If you’re like us, you have spent hours trying to guess the answers to these questions, and there certainly is no shortage of opinions on the news and social media. But the truth is, no one knows for sure, and every day we are working to find new ways to deal with that discomfort of the unknown. 

For foster parents and children in foster care, COVID-19 places an additional haze over an already unclear set of circumstances. Things like family visitation, home visits, and court dates have been postponed or conducted virtually, and it remains to be seen how those alterations will impact the outcomes of cases in the court systems. It’s a fact that the most important factor in a judge’s decision on next steps in so many foster care cases is momentum: have the biological parents consistently been meeting objectives towards reunification – or consistently missing them? What patterns can be shown to support reunification or permanent placement? COVID-19 has made tracking momentum and consistency more challenging than ever.

In the midst of this crisis, case workers are still performing their jobs to keep children in our communities safe, while looking for ways to connect virtually and remotely to move cases forward where needed. We have been appreciative of the support of our local KidsPeace office; they have been creative and persistent in finding ways to provide as much continuity as possible. We’ve had Zoom calls with our case workers every week to see how we were doing and what additional needs we might have while sheltered at home. At the same time, they’ve suggested ways for virtual visits to be continued with our foster son and his biological mother. KidsPeace’s dedicated staff has shown resiliency and flexibility, adapting to new remote ways of work for themselves, while making foster families feel more supported during a time of need.

There is not much that can be known about what the future holds – for when and how the pandemic will end, and what the outcome of current foster care cases will be. Dealing with uncertainty comes with the territory for foster parents, and it helps to have supportive staff and caseworkers in our corner.

Every possible effort is made for the placement to be successful. It is important to clarify what a successful placement is: a successful placement would be for a child to come into your home and grow, develop, and mature (just as we hope for our own biological children).  Plus, and this is key, the youth “stays with you” until such time as their Permanency Goal is complete (Permanency Goals include things such as: Return to Parent; Adoption; Emancipation; Relative Placement; to name a few).  In short, our hope/goal/prayer is that the youth starts—and finishes—their time in foster care with the foster parent they begin with.

In regard to it not working out: If situation(s) arise that simply cannot be worked out (every attempt has been made by all), or safety is a real concern, the foster parents have agreed by contract to notify the agency of their intent for the child to be removed from their home.  Upon notification to the agency, the child will remain in the foster home for two more weeks (unless a new placement is found before that time frame ends).  The reason for the “two-week notice” is that the child must have a home to go to.  It is not easy to find placement for children—especially on short notice.  The two-week notice gives opportunity to find the best possible fit for the child, and to help increase opportunities for success.

The length of time it takes to complete the foster parent pre-service training is very dependent upon the attendance level of the foster parents themselves, and the work vs. training schedule developed. Missed trainings must be made up/completed = longer time till completion.

On average, 45-90 days is a fair expectancy for the complete training to be completed. That being said, a family that can meet often, gets their background check accomplished early (agency pays for it), and completes their paperwork in a timely manner, can be trained in about a month.

As a foster parent of the child, you will receive a designated per diem to assist in supporting the youth in your home. The financial compensation that you receive each month is reimbursement for supporting the child (not a replacement of salary/income).  Examples of support include, but are not limited to: school fees/books, lunch (free), some financial assistance with birthdays and Christmas, all required medical is paid by State insurance.  Also, part of the per diem is for the child’s clothing and incidentals (toothpaste, shampoo, etc.)

The amount of reimbursement (per diem) you receive is based upon the age of the child and the “Level of Care” that has been assigned to the youth from the state. Level of Care [LOC] is the amount of supervision and care required to appropriately care for the youth.  This determination is largely based on behavior patterns and medical needs.

While foster parents are the agent of change for the children they foster, they need the support and guidance of professionals who are educated about the foster care system.

Foster children often receive a lot of different services – from Early Intervention Services (occupational therapy, speech, etc.), to mental health treatment ranging from office-based services to in-home services.  There are a number of challenges that foster parents face in seeking services for their foster children — especially if the child is placed out of their home county.  

There can be a lot of insurance barriers to break through and you need to seek the help and support of your caseworker.  Many counties have caseworkers whose specific responsibility is to help you get past barriers to accessing services.  Oftentimes there are long waiting lists, so it is important that foster care caseworkers determine which provider is most appropriate and has the shortest waiting list. 

The second challenge is scheduling.  The life of a foster family is full of constant appointments – whether they be medical appointments, visits from agency staff, or visits with biological family members.  I encourage families to develop a system to manage appointments so that everyone in the family knows what needs to be completed each day.  There should also be a “master scheduler” for the family; this person makes sure that there are no conflicting appointments.

Once you have the insurance and scheduling organized, the next challenge is finding a provider.  Not every provider is educated in the foster care system enough to support the foster child in improving their overall functioning.  

For example, when there is an issue with a child, most therapists are trained to look to the parents for the cause.  This is hard for foster families as they were not responsible for the issues that their foster child is experiencing in their home.  This is why it is important to find a therapist who is educated in the foster care system who knows the importance of focusing on the life of the child before they came into foster care – the experience of being removed from their biological home and living with people that they do not know.  

If you need assistance finding a therapist who is educated in the foster care system, please talk to your caseworker because they are very familiar with the therapists in the area and can connect you with one who can meet the foster child’s needs.